碳纖維滾筒絕緣材料的分類和性能絕

    絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)種類(lei)很多(duo)，可(ke)分(fen)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)、液體(ti)、固體(ti)三大類(lei)。常用(yong)的氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)空氣(qi)(qi)、氮氣(qi)(qi)、六氟化(hua)硫 絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)PC薄膜等。液體(ti)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)主要(yao)有(you)(you)礦物絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)(you)、合(he)成(cheng)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)(you)（硅油(you)(you)、十二烷基苯、聚異(yi)丁(ding)烯、異(yi)丙基聯苯、二芳基乙(yi)烷等）兩類(lei)。固體(ti)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)可(ke)分(fen)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)、無機(ji)(ji)兩類(lei)。有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)固體(ti)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)包括絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)漆(qi)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)膠(jiao)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)紙、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)纖維制品(pin)、塑料(liao)、橡膠(jiao)、漆(qi)布漆(qi)管及絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)浸漬(zi)纖維制品(pin)、電工用(yong)薄膜、復合(he)制品(pin)和粘帶、電工用(yong)層壓制品(pin)等。

    無(wu)機固(gu)體絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)云母、玻璃、陶瓷及其制品(pin)。相比之下，固(gu)體絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)多樣，也重要(yao)(yao)。 不(bu)同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)設備對絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)各有(you)(you)側(ce)重。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)裝置如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)機、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜等(deng)(deng)用的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)有(you)(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)和低(di)(di)的(de)(de)介質(zhi)損耗。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)則以(yi)(yi)機械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)、斷裂伸長率、 耐(nai)熱等(deng)(deng)級等(deng)(deng)作(zuo)為主要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)宏觀(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)如電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)藥(yao)品(pin)、耐(nai)氣候變化(hua)(hua)、耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與它的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)組成、分子結構(gou)等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)密切關(guan)系。無(wu)機固(gu)體絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)主 要(yao)(yao)是(shi)由硅、硼及多種(zhong)金屬氧化(hua)(hua)物組成,以(yi)(yi)離子型結構(gou)為主,主要(yao)(yao)特點為耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)，工(gong)作(zuo)溫度(du)(du)一(yi)般(ban)大于(yu)(yu)180℃,穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好，耐(nai)大氣老(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)藥(yao)品(pin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及長期在電(dian)(dian) 場作(zuo)用下的(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)好；但脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)，耐(nai)沖擊強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)，耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)而(er)抗張(zhang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)；工(gong)藝性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差。有(you)(you)機材料(liao)一(yi)般(ban)為聚合物，平均分子量在104～106之間，其耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通常低(di)(di) 于(yu)(yu)無(wu)機材料(liao)。含有(you)(you)芳環、雜(za)環和硅、鈦(tai)、氟(fu)等(deng)(deng)元素的(de)(de)材料(liao)其耐(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)則高(gao)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般(ban)線鏈形高(gao)分子材料(liao)。 

    影響絕緣材料(liao)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)的(de)重要因素是分(fen)子極(ji)性的(de)強弱和(he)極(ji)性組分(fen)的(de)含量(liang)。極(ji)性材料(liao)的(de)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)常數(shu)、介(jie)質損耗均(jun)高于非(fei)極(ji)性材料(liao)，并且容(rong)易(yi)吸附(fu)雜質離子增加電(dian)(dian)導而降低其介(jie)電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)。故在絕緣材料(liao)制(zhi)造過程(cheng)中要注意清潔，防(fang)止污染。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器用電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質要求有高的(de)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)常數(shu)以提高其比(bi)特性